The Physics of Santa and His Reindeer
This piece of Internet humor never gets old. Every holiday season I stumble upon it and crack up. Not sure where it originated. I’m sure I’ve had it for at least ten years.
- No known species of reindeer can fly. But there are 300,000 species of living organisms yet to be classified, and while most of these are insects and germs, this does not completely rule out flying reindeer which only Santa has ever seen.
- There are 2 billion children (persons under 18) in the world. But since Santa doesn’t (appear) to handle the Muslim, Hindu, Jewish and Buddhist children, that reduces the workload to 15% of the total – 378 million according to Population Reference Bureau. At an average (census) rate of 3.5 children per household, that’s 91.8 million homes. One presumes there’s at least one good child in each.
- Santa has 31 hours of Christmas to work with, thanks to the different time zones and the rotation of the earth, assuming he travels east to west (which seems logical). This works out to 822.6 visits per second. This is to say that for each Christian household with good children, Santa has 1/1000th of a second to park, hop out of the sleigh, jump down the chimney, fill the stockings, distribute the remaining presents under the tree, eat whatever snacks have been left, get back up the chimney, get back into the sleigh and move on to the next house. Assuming that each of these 91.8 million stops are evenly distributed around the earth (which, of course, we know to be false but for the purposes of our calculations we will accept), we are now talking about .78 miles per household, a total trip of 75-1/2 million miles, not counting stops to do what most of us must do at least once every 31 hours, plus feeding and etc.
This means that Santa’s sleigh is moving at 650 miles per second, 3,000 times the speed of sound. For purposes of comparison, the fastest man-made vehicle on earth, the Ulysses space probe, moves at a poky 27.4 miles per second – a conventional reindeer can run, tops, 15 miles per hour. - The payload on the sleigh adds another interesting element. Assuming that each child gets nothing more than a medium-sized LEGO set(2 pounds), the sleigh is carrying 321,300 tons, not counting Santa, who is invariably described as overweight. On land, conventional reindeer can pull no more than 300 pounds. Even granting that “flying reindeer” (see point #1) could pull ten times the normal amount, we cannot do the job with eight, or even nine. We need 214,200 reindeer. This increases the payload – not even counting the weight of the sleigh – to 353,430 tons. Again, for comparison – this is four times the weight of the Queen Elizabeth.
- 353,000 tons traveling at 650 miles per second creates enormous air resistance – this will heat the reindeer up in the same fashion as spacecraft re-entering the earth’s atmosphere. The lead pair of reindeer will absorb 14.3 quintillion joules of energy. Per second. Each. In short, they will burst into flame almost instantaneously, exposing the reindeer behind them, and create deafening sonic booms in their wake. The entire reindeer team will be vaporized within 4.26 thousandths of a second. Santa, meanwhile, will be subjected to centrifugal forces 17,500.06 times greater than gravity. A 250-pound Santa (which seems ludicrously slim) would be pinned to the back of his sleigh by 4,315,015 pounds of force.
In conclusion: if Santa ever did deliver presents on Christmas Eve, he’s dead now.
‘Tis the season for re-gifting

My wife and I are going to try an experiment this holiday season. We’re initiating a multi-year project to track the travels of a single bottle of party favor wine as it hops from party to party, host to host, forgotten cabinet to forgotten cabinet. How will we do this? GPS? RFID? Nah. Just gonna re-gift a bottle to a recipient who we know will play along and re-gift it to someone else, and on and on. A viticultural chain letter.
Since gift wine is almost universally crappy* it doesn’t get better with age and so, after a while, what gets shuffled in social circles is actually a container of steadily more noxious (and possibly dangerous, if consumed) liquid. A gift that depreciates in the giving.
What’s really interesting to ponder is the origin of a re-gifted bottle. Who actually starts the process? The quest to know is the equivalent of an epidemiologist searching for the origin of a mutant virus.
Also, can the re-gifted bottle jump the “holiday barrier” and enter the mainstream gifting community or — gasp — will it actually be consumed?
[*] An exception to this is the tier of really good wines that get shunted around. These bottles are re-gifted precisely because they are so good. Too good to drink yourself when they’d make a perfect re-gift. And thus the fine wines get finer in the same way that the re-gifted hooch gets hoochier.
$$$
“Daddy, why do you work?”
“Um, so we can have money.” Thinking, crap, I should have said something more meaningful like “well, son, I work to make the world a better place.” Ah well, better roll with it.
“But money comes from the machine.”
“Yes, but work puts it in the machine.”
My son thinks about this for a very long time, then walks off without saying anything. I’m pretty sure he thinks my job is to actually load money into ATM’s.
Eh. As long as he’s proud of me.
Guests in the margin
An experiment in perspective for the next week, Ascent Stage will cede control of the margin links to Jeff Greer, fellow geek, avid connoisseur of web goodness, and pal. Hopefully he’ll have some unique nuggets for us. Don’t let my broad readership down, Greer.
By the way, if you’re in a newsreader you’ll need to subscribe to the marginalia feed seperately to see it.
Firestarter
This winter season if updates to this blog stop for an extended period you may plausibly attribute it to this cause: I have burned the house down. I really look forward to cold weather because I love building fires — stoking, proding, accelerating them. I had my cord of wood delivered in September when it was still 80 out. But, man, I screw up one out of every five fires. Usually I know why: too windy out, didn’t heat the flue up enough, ember torched the rug — that sort of thing. But there’s that one instance out of, say, ten when I can’t explain why the house is filling with smoke. Like tonight, when I had to scurry around ripping the smoke detectors from the ceiling. I did everything right. Might it have something to do with the fact that there are two fireplaces — one right below the other — that feed into the same chimney? Some sort of backdraft coming in through the other fireplace? Or something with starting a fire with a not-completely-burnt log from a prior fire? Perhaps the arsonist is just an idiot. Is that it?
Set it to purée
“Now the making of a good compilation tape is a very subtle art. Many do’s and don’t’s. First of all you’re using someone else’s poetry to express how you feel. This is a very delicate thing.” – Rob Gordon, High Fidelity
What’s more fun than making a music mix? Making it via e-mail with friends, of course — especially friends with extremely different musical perspectives. So we did. The rules of the game were that we would rotate theme selection and then pick songs one after another. You didn’t have to defend your selection (though some of them begged defense) but each person got one veto per mix. After looking at these mixes I’m sure you wish you had a few too.

Guilty!
The Top 15 Choons You Will Rock Out To Till The Day You Die.
(but won’t admit publicly…until now)
- Unbelievable – EMF (Unbelievable [single], 1990)
- The Stroke – Billy Squier (Don’t Say No, 1990)
- Night Fever – Bee Gees (Saturday Night Fever: The Original Movie Soundtrack, 1977)
- Fire It Up – Busta Ryhmes (Turn It Up/Fire It Up [single], 1998)
- The Devil Went Down To Georgia – The Charlie Daniels Band (Million Mile Reflections, 1979)
- Parents Just Don’t Understand – DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince (He’s the DJ, I’m the Rapper, 1988)
- Here I Go Again – Whitesnake (Whitesnake, 1987)
- Love Machine – Girls Aloud (What Will The Neighbours Say?, 2004)
- Man! I Feel Like a Woman – Shania Twain (Come on Over, 1997)
- Rock Your Body – Justin Timberlake [Sander K retouch] (Rock Your Body (single), 2003)
- America – Neil Diamond (The Jazz Singer [soundtrack], 1980)
- I Wanna Be Your Lover – Prince (Prince (s/t), 1979)
- Billie Jean – Michael Jackson (Thriller, 1982)
- Jesus Built My Hotrod [Redline/Whiteline version] (Jesus Built My Hotrod [single], 1991)
- Jane – Jefferson Starship (Freedom at Point Zero, 1979)

Musical Meds
Songs that can make your mood do a 180°
- Hazy Shade of Winter – Bangles (Less Than Zero [soundtrack], 1987)
- Sixyten – Boards of Canada (Music Has The Right to Children, 1997)
- Electric Avenue – Eddy Grant (Electric Avenue [single], 1981)
- Oblivious – Aztec Camera (High Land, Hard Rain, 1983)
- Sexuality – Billy Bragg (Don’t Try This At Home, 1991)
- Gorecki – Lamb (Lamb [s/t], 1996)
- Uncertain Smile – The The (Soul Mining, 1983)
- Love Song – The Ocean Blue (The Ocean Blue [s/t], 1989)
- The Same Deep Water As You – The Cure (Disintegration, 1989)
- In the Garden / You Send Me / Allegheny – Van Morrison (A Night in San Francisco, 1994)
- Impact (The Earth is Burning) – Orbital (Orbital 2 [The Brown Album], 1993)
- Song 2 – Blur (Blur [s/t], 1997)
- Add It Up – Violent Femmes (Violent Femmes [s/t], 1983)
- Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me – The Smiths (Strangeways, Here We Come, 1990)
- It’s The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine) – R.E.M. (Document, 1987)
Agree, disagree? Discuss.
Tale of two online music stores
I’ve been known to buy music from iTunes Music Store. What’s that, you say? Why buy from iTMS when the Russian sites offer the same tunes for a fraction of the price? In part, I like the pay-for-what-you-buy mode better than the give-us-a-bunch-of-money-upfront-and-then-we’ll-debit-per-track mode. Something is just a tad slimy about that. Even so, there’s really only one reason I buy from iTMS and that is JHymn, the program that immediately and easily allows me to rip the crappy digital rights management out of the files. If I bought it I want to be able to play it whenever, wherever, and on as many machines as I damn well please.
But this isn’t an iTunes screed. I’d like to make a simple comparison between iTMS and the other music store I use a lot, Bleep.com.
| iTunes Music Store | Bleep.com | ||
| unencrypted music | no | yes | |
| web-based | no | yes | |
| playable on all devices | no | yes | |
| full song preview | no | yes | |
| zipped download of multiple files | no | yes | |
| reviewer bias in comparison | yes | yes |
I’m not sure these factors matter to the average online music buyer, but I wonder how long iTMS can stay dominant. Sooner or later the casual music buyer will figure out the problems in the iTMS model. In fact, I know a few people who just want to make mixes for their friends — for instance, as party favors — and have no idea why they can’t do so with their iTMS-restricted files. Something’s gotta give.
OK, maybe it was an iTMS screed.
Survival
Recently, coincidentally, I read two books with remarkable similarities. You’d not think there was much overlapping advice in How To Survive A Robot Uprising and Cheap Psychological Tricks for Parents, but the techniques for dealing with children and automata run amok are mostly interchangeable.
Test yourself. Which of these tactics refers to sugar-addled toddlers and which to killer cyborgs?
Stay out of sight
Individual ——– may be weak and dim-witted, but as word spreads the entire swarm will react as a single organism to engulf and destroy you. Kicking an anthill is no fun when the ants are the size of a pit bull.
Stay calm and seem uninterested
No matter how hard you try to make your point in your best stentorian English, no matter how emotional you get, ——– just looks at you with that “whatever” look.
To save a comrade: First merge, then separate
Run to a comrade, deliver a quick bear-hug, and then dive in a random direction. A ——– might temporarily lose track of your identity during the hug, especially if you are wearing similar clothing. You can gain precious seconds while the ——– reacquires its target.
Distance before familiarity
Brief exposures and slow movements toward the object reduce fear and create an atmosphere of familiarity.
Administer punishment within minutes of misbehavior
The ——– who sees the behavior should deliver the punishment immediately instead of waiting until the other ——– gets home to do it.
Memorize your lies, or be honest
A ——– has a stellar memory and laser-beam concentration. If ——– doubts your veracity, this menace may refuse to listen to any further emanations from your slobber hole.
Useful, eh? Doubly so for those of you who skipped the adoption route and built android children instead. Good luck out there.
Simulating a simulated city
One treat from my recent visit to UCLA was meeting the Urban Simulation Team. This small group develops detailed, precise 3D models of cities past and present for educational use, as a tool for urban planners, and even to facilitate emergency response. Their main focus is currently a complete modelling of the Los Angeles basin, but what really piqued my interest was Prof. Lisa Snyder’s “side project” to recreate the fairgrounds of the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. She’s creating the White City — and doing a great job with limited resources.
While Leonardo di Caprio and Tom Cruise vie for the movie rights to Erik Larson’s wonderful telling of the story of Burnham, Olmstead, and proto-serial killer H.H. Holmes, Snyder patiently slaves away at the reconstruction with surprisingly scant documentation. For instance, we think of the buildings as being white, of course, which is supported by the monochrome photography of the period. But we know from architectural plans that the buildings were not uniformly white. The devil may have been in the White City, but he’s also in the details of recoloring it. Snyder has her work cut out for her.
Even in its half-finished state, the model is sublime. Viewing the fairgrounds from the gargantuan Ferris Wheel or from the elevated train or from Olmstead’s electric canal boats or from the futuristic moving sidewalk that jutted into Lake Michigan are all experiences not available with the strictly controlled photographic record of the city. The sense of scale is immediate. There’s a bleak majesty to it when you consider that it was all gone by the turn of the century. (Except for the refaced Fine Arts Building, now the Museum of Science and Industry — where, incidentally, I asked my then-girlfriend to marry me.)
I ride my bike in the area of the fairgrounds a few times each summer. There’s some historic signage and some replicated statuary, but the landscape itself is really the only place you’ll find evidence of the Expo. A long split boulevard bordering the University of Chicago marks the fair’s Midway (Snyder tells me that the concrete pads the Ferris Wheel rested on are still there, beneath the park’s sod) and neglected lagoons are evidence of Olmstead’s triumphant carving of the waterways throughout the fairgrounds. As the UST recreation of the White City proceeds one can dream of integrating it into the landscape itself, perhaps as a location-based service offered through the Chicago Park District or, better, as an outside-the-walls extension of the Museum of Science and Industry. Mapping the virtual structures onto the shadows of the fair embedded in the landscape would be a moving experience indeed.
Thanky
Happy Thanksgiving to the US readership of this blog! Here’s hoping you get your fill of family, friends, and fowl.
And to those readers not in the USA thanks for reading. Here’s a list of places people have visited Ascent Stage from recently. I don’t know who you are, but I’m glad you stopped by!
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Vancouver, Canada
Beijing, China
Stockholm, Sweden
Silkeborg, Denmark
Valladolid, Spain
Pune, India
New Delhi, India
London, England
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Kitchener, Canada
Mechelen, Belgium
Hong Kong, China
Fleet, England
Arequipa, Peru
Dusseldorf, Germany (Kraftwerk, is that you?)
Nottingham, England
Coventry, England
Montreal, Canada














